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Abstract : Although acupuncture is a therapeutic technique that has been used in the field for a long time, the anatomical location of acupuncture stimulation is still unknown. Re-cently, with the development of ultrasound-guided diagnosis/treatment technology, re-search results to improve the safety and effectiveness of various invasive procedures such as pharmacupuncture and acupotomy using real-time images in Korean medicine as well as ultrasound-guided drug injection and biopsy in modern medicine were published. In par-ticular, the development of magnetic field-based visualization technology for acupuncture, which has been difficult to observe in ultrasound images, will enable more accurate and easier information on the anatomical tissue that is actually stimulated during oriental acupuncture. In addition, it is expected that it will be an important turning point in the development of anatomical structure based 3D acupuncture, away from the existing body surface marking based 2D acupuncture.

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Abstract : Background: Fu’s subcutaneous needling (FSN) was developed in May 1996 and is a new acupuncture therapy that mainly reduces localized pain using subcutaneous acupuncture. In China, FSN is actively used. However, among acupuncture therapies, FSN is unfamiliar in Korea, has low interest, and is not used in clinical practice. Also, there are no Korean reviews on FSN. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to introduce FSN in Korea through literature analysis and treatment examples of FSN. Methods: To introduce FSN, we referred to the Korean translation book of 符仲華 (Fu), the founder of FSN. An electronic literature search of CNKI’s Chinese database was conducted 浮針 AND 符仲華 is the search expression. In the FSN procedure stage was performed by a doctor of TCM with extensive experience. Results: We consulted 21 literatures with clear explanations of FSN. As a result of consultation, FSN is based of traditional theories such as ’s acupuncture, near acupuncture, and 以痛為腧. In addition, for FSN, a trocar that overcame the limitations of acupuncture was used to facilitate the FSN procedure. Starting with tennis elbow, FSN was expanding the range of indications such as limb diseases, trunk and non-intestinal diseases, and visceral diseases. As a result of FSN procedure, we were able to obtain examples of FSN for the knee areas, and summarized them with photographic data. Conclusions/implications for Practice: Starting with this study, it is expected that research and clinical use of FSN will increase in Korea.

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Abstract : Introduction: The aim of this study is to provide anatomical information of ST36 including applicable needling depth and related physiological effect. Methods: The contents about ST36 were extracted from literature. Then we investigated the clinical effect and needling feature (depth/angle) of ST36, searching on-line databases like ‘Oasis’, ‘RISS’, ‘DBpia’, ‘Pubmed’ and ‘Google scholar’ from 2008 to 2021. Results: According to the classic test, the needling depth of ST36 is 12-39 mm, that of previous research is 9-25 mm. When acupuncture is applied at that level, stimulatable anatomical structures were skin, subcutaneous tissue, lateral sural cutaneous nerve, anterior tibialis muscle, deep peroneal nerve, anterior tibial vessels, and interosseous membrane. Conclusion: The remarkable effect of ST36 is originated from stimulation of deep peroneal nerve. It is necessary for ST36 to be stimulated as 1.9-2.5 cm depth.

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Abstract : Acupuncture at the Jingming can effectively treat eye pain or glaucoma, etc. In principle, it helps the circulation in the eyeball and has the effect of lowering the elevated pressure. In fact, even in classical literatures, when needling at the Jingming point, reference depth about 1.5 cm were mentioned. Careful procedure should be taken not to puncture the ethmoid artery in the eyeball socket, and attention should be paid to avoid deep orbital bleeding. The angle should be 85 degrees outward from the eyeball. As the effect of Jingming acupuncture is good, it should be used with caution.

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Abstract : The aim of this study was to report the effect of acupuncture and Chuna manual therapy on a cervicogenic headache and tinnitus. A 61-year-old male who was suffered from right tinnitus with chronic headache and cervical pain. The patient was treated with Korean medicine therapy, including the acupuncture and Chuna manual therapy. Treatment progress was assessed using the numeric rating scale (NRS) and Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging (D.I.T.I). For 8 weeks, the patient visited 12 times and were treated with acupuncture, liquid acupuncture and chuna therapy. After treatment, significant improvements of tinnitus, neck pain and headache were shown. Numeric rating scales of tinnitus were decreased from 8 to 1. NRS of neck pain were decreased from 8 to 2 and the frequency of headaches in patients decreased after 8 weeks treatment. This improvement might suggest the feasibility of acupuncture and chuna therapy on cervical muscles to alleviate tinnitus. Korean medicine treatment, including acupuncture and chuna therapy might be a recommended therapeutic option for cervicogenic headache and tinnitus.

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Abstract : Background: The aim of this study was to report the anatomical and physiological understanding for treating ophthalmic diseases with related acupoints Jeongmyeong (BL1) and Dongjaryo (GB1). Methods: The anatomical and physiological structure, and acupoints were studied by referring to the existing text. Results: The key to the treatment of ophthalmic diseases lies in the circulation of the eye and its surrounding structures. Extraocular muscles (superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior oblique and superior oblique), levator palpebrae muscle, iris, ciliary body, and orbicularis oculi muscle are related to circulation of blood and aqueous humor. Compression of oculomotor nerve, abducens nerve and trochlear nerve will reduce the function of the extraocular muscles and levator palpebrae muscle. Compression of ciliary ganglion will reduce the function of the iris and ciliary body. The acupoint related to this is jeongmyeong (BL1). Fluid secretion from the lacrimal gland is regulated by parasympathetic nerve fibers from the facial nerve nucleus and sympathetic nerve fibers from the superior cervical ganglion. The acupoint related to this is dongjaryo (GB1). Conclusion: Ophthalmic diseases can be treated more effectively only by understanding eye and its surrounding structures, as well as circulation of eye-related artery&vein, lymphatic circulation and innervation. Since this study is still an approach at the hypothesis level, further clinical research is needed in the future.

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Abstract : Background: The aim of this study is to systematically establish clinical treatment procedures for shoulder pain and to organize diagnostic methods to differentiate each disease so that clinicians can have a detailed and accurate therapeutic approach. Methods: For accurate treatment of shoulder pain, the process for differential diagnosis of diseases according to the etiology is described by applying the appropriate diagnostic method according to the treatment procedure when treating shoulder pain. Results: Shoulder pain can be divided into neurogenic, local soft tissue damage, and mixed types depending on the etiology. Neurogenic diseases can also be classified into cervical origin and local nerve damage according to their origin. Local soft tissue damage is classified into muscle damage, tendon and ligament damage, bursa damage, intra-articular damage, and structural damage of the joint. Each disease is differentially diagnosed by characteristic clinical symptoms and physical examination according to the procedure. Conclusion: For the differential diagnosis of shoulder pain, the damaged area can be identified through a physical examination according to an appropriate procedure. And for an accurate diagnosis, the disease can be confirmed by confirming the pathological change in the relevant area through the diagnostic medical image taken by the medical image equipment.

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Abstract : Facial palsy is one of the diseases in high demand for treatment at the Korean Medicine Clinic. Facial palsy is easy to recur, and it is important to receive appropriate treatment quickly. Acupuncture is one of the representative Korean Medicine therapies for facial palsy. The effects of acupuncture are well known, but studies detailing which areas to stimulate and how to stimulate them are lacking. Therefore, we would like to review the anatomical structure of the facial region in detail and report on the method of stimulating the origin and insertion of the muscle according to the RSN acupuncture method.

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Abstract : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of acupuncture and acupotomy as treatment strategies of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).We reviewed 4 patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss who were treated with acupuncture, acupotomy and other treatment. Acupucture and acupotomy treatment have efficacy in sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Acupuncture and acupotomy can be a treatment strategies for sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

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Abstract : We’re reporting five case of patient with peripheral tinnitus treated by acupotomy and other medical care. Patients visited the clinic because their peripheral tinnitus did not improve even though they were treated at otolaryngology. We have treated the patients for acupotomy of RSN points, which are cervical spine, thoracic spine and TE-17 (Yifeng), and Other medical care. Before and after treatment, the degree of improvement was checked through pure tone audiometry of the patient, broad band noise of the patient and patient statements. Peripheral tinnitus was improved through other medical care and treatment of direct and indirect Acupotomy of points Which are the cervical spine, thoracic spine, and nerves involved in the ear, such as the vagus nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve, the facial nerve (chorda tympani nerve, geniculate ganglion), the trigeminal nerve, sphnopalatine ganglion (SPG), superior cervical ganglion and the auditory nerve. More specially, broad band noise of the patient decreased and 6 band test of patients on pure tone audiometry was mostly improved. Lastly subjective statement of patients about tinnitus have been improved. Our treatment show that acupotomy and other medical cares have positive effect on peripheral tinnius patient. As the cases of tinnitus treatment continue to accumulate, the treatment rate is improving, but there have been many cases where it is still insufficient and does not respond to treatment at all. Therefore, more cases and research are needed in the future.